L’allaitement a-t-il un bénéfice pour l’immunité de l’enfant ? VRAIL'allaitement dispense de la vaccination : FAUXRessources

Le lait maternel est une substance bioactive qui s’adapte aux besoins du bébé. Il contient des immunoglobulines, des cellules immunocompétentes (lymphocytes et macrophages action phagocytaire), de la lactoferrine (action bactéricide), des facteurs de croissance, des interleukines,…. ⁽¹⁾ Oddy WH. Breastfeeding protects against illness and infection in infants and children: a review of the evidence. Breastfeed Rev. 2001 Jul;9(2):11–8.
Effet sur l’immunité de l’enfant :
- Augmente les taux d’IgA jusqu’à 7 ans ⁽²⁾ Kanariou M, Petridou E, Liatsis M, Revinthi K, Mandalenaki-Lambrou K, Trichopoulos D. Age patterns of immunoglobulins G, A & M in healthy children and the influence of breast feeding and vaccination status. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1995 Feb;6(1):24–9.
- Augmente la taille du thymus ⁽³⁾ Jackson KM, Nazar AM. Breastfeeding, the immune response, and long-term health. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2006 Apr;106(4):203–7.
- Si prolongé plus de 6 mois : Aide à la maturation du système immunitaire immature du bébé par plusieurs mécanismes : colonisation des muqueuses digestives, augmentation des IgA, amélioration de la maturation de la voie des Lymphocytes T, etc. ⁽⁴⁾ Jansen MAE, van den Heuvel D, van Zelm MC, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, de Jongste JC, et al. Decreased memory B cells and increased CD8 memory T cells in blood of breastfed children: the generation R study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5):e0126019.
Diminue le risque de certaines infections
- Infections respiratoires, ORLOto Rhino Laryngé, infections de l’arbre urinaire, de septicémies néonatales et d’entérocolites nécrosantess ⁽⁵⁾ Hanson LA. Breastfeeding provides passive and likely long-lasting active immunity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998 Dec;81(6):523–33; quiz 533–4, 537.
- Protection prolongée pendant quelques années après l’arrêt de l’allaitement contre les otites moyennes aiguës, les diarrhées, les infections respiratoires, les infections à Haemophilus Influenza b, l’asthme, etc ⁽⁶⁾ Hanson LA. Breastfeeding provides passive and likely long-lasting active immunity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998 Dec;81(6):523–33; quiz 533–4, 537. ⁽⁷⁾ Oddy WH. Breastfeeding protects against illness and infection in infants and children: a review of the evidence. Breastfeed Rev. 2001 Jul;9(2):11–8.
L’allaitement aide la mère et l’enfant à mieux supporter la vaccination : moins de stress, moins de douleurs, moins de réactions post-vaccinales ⁽⁸⁾ Dòrea JG. Breastfeeding is an essential complement to vaccination. Acta Paediatr. 2009Aug;98(8):1244–50.1.
Diminue le risque de réaction chez les enfants avec une sensibilité allergique par modification du métabolisme de l’éthylmercure contenu dans les vaccins ⁽⁹⁾ Dòrea JG. Breastfeeding is an essential complement to vaccination. Acta Paediatr. 2009Aug;98(8):1244–50.1.
L’allaitement permet une réponse plus rapide et efficace à la vaccination ⁽¹⁰⁾ Dòrea JG. Breastfeeding is an essential complement to vaccination. Acta Paediatr. 2009Aug;98(8):1244–50.1. ⁽¹¹⁾ Dórea JG. Breast-feeding and responses to infant vaccines: constitutional and environmental factors. Am J Perinatol. 2012 Nov;29(10):759–75. ⁽¹²⁾ Silfverdal SA, Ekholm L, Bodin L. Breastfeeding enhances the antibody response to Hib and Pneumococcal serotype 6B and 14 after vaccination with conjugate vaccines. Vaccine. 2007 Feb 9;25(8):1497–502. ⁽¹³⁾ Silfverdal SA, Ekholm L, Bodin L. Breastfeeding enhances the antibody response to Hib and Pneumococcal serotype 6B and 14 after vaccination with conjugate vaccines. Vaccine. 2007 Feb 9;25(8):1497–502.

Même si l’allaitement semble protéger de certaines maladies, ce n’est pas le cas pour toutes les pathologies. À titre d’exemple :

Rougeole	La protection transmise par l’AMAllaitement maternel n’est pas durable ⁽¹⁴⁾ Guerra FM, Crowcroft NS, Friedman L, Deeks SL, Halperin SA, Severini A, et al. Waning of measles maternal antibody in infants in measles elimination settings – A systematic literature review. Vaccine. 2018 28;36(10):1248–55. ⁽¹⁵⁾ Stephens S, Kennedy CR, Lakhani PK, Brenner MK. In-vivo immune responses of breast- and bottle-fed infants to tetanus toxoid antigen and to normal gut flora. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1984 Jul;73(4):426–32.
Tétanos	La protection transmise par l’AMAllaitement maternel n’est pas durable ⁽¹⁶⁾ Guerra FM, Crowcroft NS, Friedman L, Deeks SL, Halperin SA, Severini A, et al. Waning of measles maternal antibody in infants in measles elimination settings – A systematic literature review. Vaccine. 2018 28;36(10):1248–55. ⁽¹⁷⁾ Stephens S, Kennedy CR, Lakhani PK, Brenner MK. In-vivo immune responses of breast- and bottle-fed infants to tetanus toxoid antigen and to normal gut flora. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1984 Jul;73(4):426–32.
Coqueluche	La protection transmise par l’AMAllaitement maternel n’est pas durable, jusqu’à 6 mois puis diminution et perte de protection, si toutefois la mère est immunisée. Par ailleurs, le taux de couverture vaccinal est bas et l’immunité induite par vaccin non durable. ⁽¹⁸⁾ Adams JM, Kimball AC, Adams FH. EARLY IMMUNIZATION AGAINST PERTUSSIS. Am J Dis Child. 1947 Jul 1; 74(1):10–8.

L’immunité cellulaire acquise (par le biais des vaccins notamment) offre une protection immunitaire bien plus durable que l’immunité transmise par la mère (que ce soit par voie transplacentaire ou par le biais de l’allaitement). ⁽¹⁹⁾ Guerra FM, Crowcroft NS, Friedman L, Deeks SL, Halperin SA, Severini A, et al. Waning of measles maternal antibody in infants in measles elimination settings – A systematic literature review. Vaccine. 2018 28;36(10):1248–55.

11 vaccinations indispensables obligatoires depuis le 1er janvier 2018 :

Vaccination

Bibliographie[+]

Bibliographie
￪1, ￪7	Oddy WH. Breastfeeding protects against illness and infection in infants and children: a review of the evidence. Breastfeed Rev. 2001 Jul;9(2):11–8.
￪2	Kanariou M, Petridou E, Liatsis M, Revinthi K, Mandalenaki-Lambrou K, Trichopoulos D. Age patterns of immunoglobulins G, A & M in healthy children and the influence of breast feeding and vaccination status. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1995 Feb;6(1):24–9.
￪3	Jackson KM, Nazar AMAllaitement maternel. Breastfeeding, the immune response, and long-term health. J AMAllaitement maternel Osteopath Assoc. 2006 Apr;106(4):203–7.
￪4	Jansen MAE, van den Heuvel D, van Zelm MC, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, de Jongste JC, et alAnesthésie locale. Decreased memory B cells and increased CD8 memory T cells in blood of breastfed children: the generation R study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5):e0126019.
￪5, ￪6	Hanson LA. Breastfeeding provides passive and likely long-lasting active immunity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998 Dec;81(6):523–33; quiz 533–4, 537.
￪8, ￪9, ￪10	Dòrea JG. Breastfeeding is an essential complement to vaccination. Acta Paediatr. 2009Aug;98(8):1244–50.1.
￪11	Dórea JG. Breast-feeding and responses to infant vaccines: constitutional and environmental factors. AMAllaitement maternel J Perinatol. 2012 Nov;29(10):759–75.
￪12, ￪13	Silfverdal SA, Ekholm L, Bodin L. Breastfeeding enhances the antibody response to Hib and Pneumococcal serotype 6B and 14 after vaccination with conjugate vaccines. Vaccine. 2007 Feb 9;25(8):1497–502.
￪14, ￪16, ￪19	Guerra FM, Crowcroft NS, Friedman L, Deeks SL, Halperin SA, Severini A, et alAnesthésie locale. Waning of measles maternal antibody in infants in measles elimination settings – A systematic literature review. Vaccine. 2018 28;36(10):1248–55.
￪15, ￪17	Stephens S, Kennedy CR, Lakhani PK, Brenner MK. In-vivo immune responses of breast- and bottle-fed infants to tetanus toxoid antigen and to normal gut flora. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1984 Jul;73(4):426–32.
￪18	Adams JM, Kimball AC, Adams FH. EARLY IMMUNIZATION AGAINST PERTUSSIS. AMAllaitement maternel J Dis Child. 1947 Jul 1; 74(1):10–8.

Date de dernière modification : avril 12, 2021 Vaccination

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